Understanding ADHD

ADHD is characterised by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. It is categorised into three main types: Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Combined Presentation. The Inattentive type is marked by difficulties in sustaining attention and organising tasks. Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD includes excessive fidgeting or talking and a tendency to interrupt others. The Combined Presentation exhibits symptoms of both types. Neurologically, ADHD is associated with differences in brain structure and function, particularly in the areas that regulate attention, impulse control, and executive functioning. Individuals with ADHD may face challenges in managing daily tasks, maintaining relationships, and achieving academic or professional goals. For instance, a friend of mine struggled through school due to her ADHD, finding it hard to focus during long lectures, which often left her feeling overwhelmed and frustrated.

Common Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD can manifest differently based on the individual and their environment. Common symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Children with ADHD may struggle to pay attention in class, frequently lose their belongings, or forget to complete homework. In adults, these symptoms may present as chronic disorganisation, difficulty in prioritising tasks, or a tendency to procrastinate. Hyperactivity can look different in adults, often being less about physical restlessness and more about feeling mentally 'on the go.' Impulsivity may lead to hasty decisions, interrupting conversations, or an inability to wait patiently. Understanding these symptoms is essential for both individuals and those around them, as awareness can lead to better support and accommodations.

Inattention Symptoms

Inattention is a hallmark symptom of ADHD and can manifest in various ways. Individuals may find it challenging to focus on tasks, often becoming easily distracted by external stimuli or irrelevant thoughts. Forgetfulness is also common; tasks may be left unfinished, and appointments easily missed. Disorganisation is another prevalent sign, where individuals struggle to keep their personal or workspaces tidy, leading to misplaced items and a chaotic environment. A personal experience from a close friend highlights this: he often misplaces his keys and struggles to keep track of appointments, causing unnecessary stress and complications in his daily life.

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity Symptoms

Hyperactivity and impulsivity are equally significant symptoms of ADHD. Individuals may exhibit signs of restlessness, such as fidgeting with their hands or feet, or an inability to stay seated in situations where it is expected. This can also manifest as excessive talking or interrupting others during conversations. Impulsivity can lead to challenges in waiting one's turn, making hasty decisions without considering the consequences, or engaging in risky behaviours. These symptoms can result in difficulties in social settings, as individuals may unintentionally disrupt conversations or create uncomfortable situations. Recognising these behaviours is crucial for fostering understanding and support in both personal and professional relationships.

Recognising ADHD in Different Age Groups

ADHD symptoms can vary significantly across different age groups. In children, hyperactivity is often more pronounced, whereas teenagers may exhibit more subtle signs of inattention or impulsivity, sometimes misinterpreted as typical teenage behaviour. Adults with ADHD may experience more internalised symptoms, such as chronic dissatisfaction with their achievements or struggles with time management. Age-appropriate diagnosis is vital, as it ensures that individuals receive the right support tailored to their developmental stage. For instance, my cousin was diagnosed with ADHD as a child, but it wasn't until her teenage years that her symptoms shifted, making it harder for her teachers to recognise her ongoing struggles. Awareness of these changes is essential for timely intervention.